Virginia Danielson (PhD, ethnomusicology, University of Illinois, 1991) is associate of the Harvard Music Department and a visiting scholar at New York University Abu Dhabi. She is the author of The Voice of Egypt: Umm Kulthum, Arabic Song and Egyptian Society in the 20th Century (Chicago, 1997). Danielson is also co-editor of Music in Arabia (Indiana, 2021) and The Middle East, volume 6 of The Gardland Encylopedia of World Music and Music.