Engineered to Sell
European Émigrés and the Making of Consumer Capitalism
9780226660158
9780226660011
9780226660295
Engineered to Sell
European Émigrés and the Making of Consumer Capitalism
The mid-twentieth-century marketing world influenced nearly every aspect of American culture—music, literature, politics, economics, consumerism, race relations, gender, and more. In Engineered to Sell, Jan L. Logemann traces the transnational careers of consumer engineers in advertising, market research, and commercial design who transformed capitalism from the 1930s through the 1960s. He argues that the history of marketing consumer goods is not a story of American exceptionalism. Instead, the careers of immigrants point to the limits of the “Americanization” paradigm. Logemann explains the rise of a dynamic world of goods and examines how and why consumer engineering was shaped by transatlantic exchanges. From Austrian psychologists and little-known social scientists to the illustrious Bauhaus artists, the emigrés at the center of this story illustrate the vibrant cultural and commercial connections between metropolitan centers: Vienna and New York; Paris and Chicago; Berlin and San Francisco. By focusing on the transnational lives of emigré consumer researchers, marketers, and designers, Engineered to Sell details the processes of cultural translation and adaptation that mark both the midcentury transformation of American marketing and the subsequent European shift to “American” consumer capitalism.
352 pages | 21 halftones, 1 table | 6 x 9 | © 2019
History: American History, European History
Sociology: Occupations, Professions, Work
Reviews
Table of Contents
Introduction: Consumer Engineers and the Transnational Origins of Consumer Capitalism
1 The Origins of “Consumer Engineering”: Interwar Consumer Capitalism in Transatlantic Perspective
Section One Transformations in Marketing and Consumer Research
2 The Art of Asking Why: The “Vienna School” of Market Research and Transfers in Consumer Psychology
3 From Mass Persuasion to Engineered Consent: The Impact of “European” Psychology on the Cognitive Turn in Marketing Thought
4 Hidden Persuaders? Market Researchers as “Knowledge Entrepreneurs” between Business and the Social Sciences
5 The Designer as Marketing Expert: European Immigrants and the Professionalization of Industrial and Graphic Design in the United States
6 The Commercialization of Social Engineering? Adapting Radical Design Reform to American Mass Marketing
7 “Streamlining Everything”: Design, Market Research, and the Postwar “American” World of Goods
Section Three Transatlantic Return Voyages
Bridging Transatlantic Divides: Bringing Consumer Modernity “Back” to Europe
8 Corporate America and the International Style: The Transnational Network of Knoll Associates between Europe and the United States
9 The “Return” to Europe: Emigrés as Cultural Translators and the Transformation of Postwar European Marketing
Consumer Engineers as New Marketing Experts
Transatlantic Transfers and Transnational Dimensions of Consumer Capitalism
Midcentury Marketing as Social Engineering
Transatlantic Transfers and Transnational Dimensions of Consumer Capitalism
Midcentury Marketing as Social Engineering
1 The Origins of “Consumer Engineering”: Interwar Consumer Capitalism in Transatlantic Perspective
The Emergence of Mass Marketing in the United States
American Perceptions of European Consumer Modernity
The Reciprocity of Transatlantic Consumer Transfers
Social Engineering between European Reform Movements and 1930s America
American Perceptions of European Consumer Modernity
The Reciprocity of Transatlantic Consumer Transfers
Social Engineering between European Reform Movements and 1930s America
Section One Transformations in Marketing and Consumer Research
The Rise of Consumer Engineering: American Marketing at Midcentury (1930s–1960s)
2 The Art of Asking Why: The “Vienna School” of Market Research and Transfers in Consumer Psychology
Toward a Professionalization of Marketing Research in the United States
Interwar Vienna and the Study of Modern Consumer Markets
Paul Lazarsfeld’s Transatlantic Career in Market Research
The BASR and the “Vienna School” in Postwar American Marketing Research
Social Scientists as Consumer Engineers
Interwar Vienna and the Study of Modern Consumer Markets
Paul Lazarsfeld’s Transatlantic Career in Market Research
The BASR and the “Vienna School” in Postwar American Marketing Research
Social Scientists as Consumer Engineers
3 From Mass Persuasion to Engineered Consent: The Impact of “European” Psychology on the Cognitive Turn in Marketing Thought
New Approaches to Survey Psychology and Consumer Motivations
Wartime Research and New Perspectives on Mass Communication
Kurt Lewin and the Impact of Experimental Psychology
George Katona and the Advent of Behavioral Economics
Consumer Psychology and Social Engineering in Wartime and Cold War
Wartime Research and New Perspectives on Mass Communication
Kurt Lewin and the Impact of Experimental Psychology
George Katona and the Advent of Behavioral Economics
Consumer Psychology and Social Engineering in Wartime and Cold War
4 Hidden Persuaders? Market Researchers as “Knowledge Entrepreneurs” between Business and the Social Sciences
The Expansion of Market Research in American Industry, 1930s–1950s
The Drive for “Scientific” Marketing Research: Alfred Politz Research Inc.
Ernest Dichter’s Institute for “Motivation Research”
Image and Brand: Market Research as Creative Consumer Engineering
Consumer Engineering and the Limits of Hidden Persuasion
The Drive for “Scientific” Marketing Research: Alfred Politz Research Inc.
Ernest Dichter’s Institute for “Motivation Research”
Image and Brand: Market Research as Creative Consumer Engineering
Consumer Engineering and the Limits of Hidden Persuasion
Section Two Designing for Sustained Demand
“Tastemakers” or “Wastemakers”? Commercial Design at Midcentury (1930–1960)
“Tastemakers” or “Wastemakers”? Commercial Design at Midcentury (1930–1960)
5 The Designer as Marketing Expert: European Immigrants and the Professionalization of Industrial and Graphic Design in the United States
Industrial Designers as Consumer Engineers
European Immigrants and American Commercial Design
Raymond Loewy, French-Born Star of “American” Industrial Design
A “New Type of Artist” in Graphic and Advertising Arts
“Good Design” and the Aestheticization of American Consumer Capitalism
New Experts for America’s Midcentury World of Goods
European Immigrants and American Commercial Design
Raymond Loewy, French-Born Star of “American” Industrial Design
A “New Type of Artist” in Graphic and Advertising Arts
“Good Design” and the Aestheticization of American Consumer Capitalism
New Experts for America’s Midcentury World of Goods
6 The Commercialization of Social Engineering? Adapting Radical Design Reform to American Mass Marketing
Ferdinand Kramer: From Standardizing Working Class Homes to Marketing Novelties
Radical Modernism and Commercial Applications of Social Engineering
The American Bauhaus: Between Experiment in Totality and Design for Industry
Moholy-Nagy’s Struggles with Corporate America
Business Ties of the Institute of Design
The American Legacy of European Design Reform
Radical Modernism and Commercial Applications of Social Engineering
The American Bauhaus: Between Experiment in Totality and Design for Industry
Moholy-Nagy’s Struggles with Corporate America
Business Ties of the Institute of Design
The American Legacy of European Design Reform
7 “Streamlining Everything”: Design, Market Research, and the Postwar “American” World of Goods
Consumer Research at Raymond Loewy Associates
The Psychology of Packaging in the Supermarket Era: Walter Landor Associates
Brand Images and Corporate Identities
The Psychology of Packaging in the Supermarket Era: Walter Landor Associates
Brand Images and Corporate Identities
Section Three Transatlantic Return Voyages
Bridging Transatlantic Divides: Bringing Consumer Modernity “Back” to Europe
8 Corporate America and the International Style: The Transnational Network of Knoll Associates between Europe and the United States
Knoll Associates in the United States
The Use of Emigré Networks
Marketing Interior Design as Corporate PR
Exporting “American” Design as “International” Style
The Use of Emigré Networks
Marketing Interior Design as Corporate PR
Exporting “American” Design as “International” Style
9 The “Return” to Europe: Emigrés as Cultural Translators and the Transformation of Postwar European Marketing
(R)emigrés as Transatlantic Mediators
Consumer Research in Postwar Europe
Ernest Dichter as Transatlantic Mediator
Commercial Design as a Transatlantic Transfer
“Good Design” as Cold War Cultural Policy
Consumer Research in Postwar Europe
Ernest Dichter as Transatlantic Mediator
Commercial Design as a Transatlantic Transfer
“Good Design” as Cold War Cultural Policy
Consumer Engineering: Challenges and Legacies
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations for Archival Sources
Notes
Index
Abbreviations for Archival Sources
Notes
Index
Be the first to know
Get the latest updates on new releases, special offers, and media highlights when you subscribe to our email lists!