Latin American Macroeconomic Reforms
The Second Stage
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Latin American Macroeconomic Reforms
The Second Stage
Hidden behind a number of economic crises in the mid- to late 1990s-including Argentina’s headline-grabbing monetary and political upheaval-is that fact that Latin American economies have, generally speaking, improved dramatically in recent years. Their success has been due, in large part, to macroeconomic reforms, and this book brings together prominent economists and policymakers to assess a decade of such policy shifts, highlighting both the many success stories and the areas in which further work is needed. Contributors offer both case studies of individual countries and regional overviews, covering monetary, financial, and fiscal policy.
Contributors also work to identify future concerns and erect clear signposts for future reforms. For instance, now that inflation rates have been stabilized, one suggested "second stage" monetary reform would be to focus on reducing rates from high to low single digits. Financial sector reforms, it is suggested, should center on improving regulation and supervision. And, contributors argue, since fiscal stability has already been achieved in most countries, new fiscal reforms need to concentrate on institutionalizing fiscal discipline, improving the efficiency and equity of tax collection, and modifying institutional arrangements to deal with increasingly decentralized federal systems.
The analysis and commentary in this volume-authored not only by academic observers but by key Latin American policymakers with decades of firsthand experience-will prove important to anyone with an interest in the future of Latin American’s continuing economic development and reform.
Contributors to this volume:
José Antonio González, Stanford University
Anne O. Krueger, International Monetary Fund
Vittorio Corbo, Pontifical Catholic University, Chile
Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel, Central Bank of Chile
Alejandro Werner, Bank of Mexico
Márcio G. P. Garcia, Pontifical Catholic University, Rio
Tatiana Didier, World Bank
Gustavo H. B. Franco, former president, Central Bank of Brazil
Francisco Gil Díaz, Minister of the Treasury, Mexico
Roberto Zahler, former governor, Central Bank of Chile
Ricardo J. Caballero, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Philip L. Brock, University of Washington
Stephen Haber, Stanford University
Pablo E. Guidotti, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires
Vito Tanzi, International Monetary Fund
Enrique Dávila, Ministry of Finance, Mexico
Santiago Levy, Mexican Social Security Institute
Ricardo Fenochietto, private consultant, Buenos Aires
Rogério L. F. Werneck, Pontifical Catholic University, Rio
Carola Pessino, Universidad Torcuato di Tella, Buenos Aires
Michael Michaely, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Contributors also work to identify future concerns and erect clear signposts for future reforms. For instance, now that inflation rates have been stabilized, one suggested "second stage" monetary reform would be to focus on reducing rates from high to low single digits. Financial sector reforms, it is suggested, should center on improving regulation and supervision. And, contributors argue, since fiscal stability has already been achieved in most countries, new fiscal reforms need to concentrate on institutionalizing fiscal discipline, improving the efficiency and equity of tax collection, and modifying institutional arrangements to deal with increasingly decentralized federal systems.
The analysis and commentary in this volume-authored not only by academic observers but by key Latin American policymakers with decades of firsthand experience-will prove important to anyone with an interest in the future of Latin American’s continuing economic development and reform.
Contributors to this volume:
José Antonio González, Stanford University
Anne O. Krueger, International Monetary Fund
Vittorio Corbo, Pontifical Catholic University, Chile
Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel, Central Bank of Chile
Alejandro Werner, Bank of Mexico
Márcio G. P. Garcia, Pontifical Catholic University, Rio
Tatiana Didier, World Bank
Gustavo H. B. Franco, former president, Central Bank of Brazil
Francisco Gil Díaz, Minister of the Treasury, Mexico
Roberto Zahler, former governor, Central Bank of Chile
Ricardo J. Caballero, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Philip L. Brock, University of Washington
Stephen Haber, Stanford University
Pablo E. Guidotti, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires
Vito Tanzi, International Monetary Fund
Enrique Dávila, Ministry of Finance, Mexico
Santiago Levy, Mexican Social Security Institute
Ricardo Fenochietto, private consultant, Buenos Aires
Rogério L. F. Werneck, Pontifical Catholic University, Rio
Carola Pessino, Universidad Torcuato di Tella, Buenos Aires
Michael Michaely, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
456 pages | 82 line drawings, 89 tables | 6 x 9 | © 2003
Economics and Business: Economics--Development, Growth, Planning, Economics--International and Comparative
Table of Contents
Foreword—Arnold C. Harberger
Acknowledgments
Introduction—José Antonio Gonzáez and Anne O. Krueger
I. MONETARY POLICIES
1. Inflation Targeting: The Latin American Experience
2. Exchange Rate Pass-Through and Partial Dollarization : Is There a Link?
3. Very High Interest Rates and the Cousin Risks: Brazil During the Real Plan
Epilogue to Part I: Circumstances and Institutions:
Notes on Monetary Policy in Brazil in the Last Fourteen Years
II. FINANCIAL POLICIES
4. The China Syndrome or the Tequila Crisis
5. International Liquidity Management Problems in Modern Latin
America: Their Origin and Policy Implications
6. Trade Liberalization and Financial Crisis: A Historical Comparison of
Chile and the United States
7. Banks, Financial Markets, and Industrial Development: Lessons from the
Economic Histories of Brazil and Mexico
8. Toward a Liquidity Risk Management Strategy for Emerging Market Economies
III. FISCAL POLICIES
9. Taxation Reform in Latin America in the Last Decade
10. Taxing for Equity: A Proposal to Reform Mexico’s Value-Added Tax
11. Tax Reform in Brazil: Small Achievements and Great Challenges
Contributors
Author Index
Subject Index
Acknowledgments
Introduction—José Antonio Gonzáez and Anne O. Krueger
I. MONETARY POLICIES
1. Inflation Targeting: The Latin American Experience
2. Exchange Rate Pass-Through and Partial Dollarization : Is There a Link?
3. Very High Interest Rates and the Cousin Risks: Brazil During the Real Plan
Epilogue to Part I: Circumstances and Institutions:
Notes on Monetary Policy in Brazil in the Last Fourteen Years
II. FINANCIAL POLICIES
4. The China Syndrome or the Tequila Crisis
5. International Liquidity Management Problems in Modern Latin
America: Their Origin and Policy Implications
6. Trade Liberalization and Financial Crisis: A Historical Comparison of
Chile and the United States
7. Banks, Financial Markets, and Industrial Development: Lessons from the
Economic Histories of Brazil and Mexico
8. Toward a Liquidity Risk Management Strategy for Emerging Market Economies
III. FISCAL POLICIES
9. Taxation Reform in Latin America in the Last Decade
10. Taxing for Equity: A Proposal to Reform Mexico’s Value-Added Tax
11. Tax Reform in Brazil: Small Achievements and Great Challenges
Contributors
Author Index
Subject Index