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Toi Te Mana

An Indigenous History of Maori Art

A landmark account in words and pictures of Māori art, by Māori art historians—from Polynesian voyaging waka to contemporary Māori artists.

He toi whakairo, he mana tangata.
Through artistic excellence, there is human dignity.

 
In six hundred pages and with over five hundred illustrations, this volume takes us on an extraordinary voyage through Māori art—from ancestral weavers to contemporary artists at the Venice Biennale, from whare whakairo to film, and from Te Puea Hērangi to Michael Parekōwhai.
 
Deidre Brown, Ngarino Ellis, and Jonathan Mane-Wheoki explore a wide field of art practices, including raranga (plaiting), whatu (weaving), moko (tattooing), whakairo (carving), rākai (jewellery), kākahu (textiles), whare (architecture), toi whenua (rock art), painting, photography, sculpture, ceramics, installation art, digital media, and film. The works discussed span a period from the arrival of Pacific voyagers eight hundred years ago to the contemporary artists working around the world today. With expansive chapters and breakout texts focusing on individual artists, movements, and events, Toi Te Mana is an essential book for anyone interested in te ao Māori.

Reviews

“This book is a comprehensive analysis that sets out to recalibrate the history of Māori art by rebalancing the gaps and Eurocentric focus of earlier writing. The format, with key chapters (kete) interspersed with breakout boxes focusing on specific artists and events, drives the kaupapa of the book forward, reinforcing a broadly chronological framework that nevertheless emphasises non-linearity, dynamism, and change. The deployment of ancestral stories, chants, and whakataukī to introduce chapters and sections draws together multiple strands to create a richly layered and relational landscape (whakapapa) for Māori arts. Ka mau te wehi! An outstanding contribution to Māori culture, arts, and creativity—it is a great read.”

Anna-Marie White (Te Atiawa), Toi Maori Aotearoa: Maori Arts New Zealand

“This book sets out to recalibrate the history of Māori art through whenua, tikanga, and whakapapa. The format, with key chapters split into three sections (kete), each focusing on a distinct time period, works well to drive the kaupapa of the book forward, giving a broadly chronological framework that nevertheless emphasizes non-linearity, dynamism, and change. The deployment of tribal traditions, stories, chants, and whakataukī to introduce chapters and sections draws together many different strands to create a layered landscape and whakapapa of the arts. It is a great read.”

Maia Nuku (Ngai Tai), curator of Oceanic art, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Toi Te Mana is a historic and groundbreaking text. It is an invaluable tool for Indigenous arts globally and represents ‘best practice’ in the field. The research and findings will be central to those of my generation and our students as we craft an Indigenous art history.”

Nancy Mithlo, University of California, Los Angeles

“This book provides an Indigenous account of Māori art, authored by Māori art historians, employing art historical methods, while highlighting its status as one of the foremost global art traditions. The authors hold considerable esteem in our field, which is reflected in the originality and irrefutable high level of scholarship of their work. They have integrated ancestral history and worldwide collections into a unified and meticulously researched and referenced book. The work is admirable in every respect.”

Jennifer J. Wagelie, director of cultural development and equity initiatives, California State University, Sacramento

"Toi Te Mana is a cultural feat ruminating on the luxurious depth and breadth of Māori art. From waka to painting to bodies, Brown, Ellis and Mane-Wheoki expertly fill each kete with insights, histories and analysis. This is a one-in-a-generation book."

Lana Lopesi, University of Oregon

"Toi Te Mana is an outstanding publication that brings to fruition the work of two exceptional Māori scholars and their visionary collaborator, the late Māori art historian Jonathan Mane-Wheoki. The book is not only a landmark in Māori art history, it challenges us to reconceive the entire narrative of art and modernity from the perspective of Indigenous cultures worldwide."

Peter Brunt, Te Herenga Waka Victoria University of Wellington

Table of Contents

He kupu whakataki—Preface
Tīmatanga kōrero—Introduction
 
Part 1—Te Kete Tuatea
1 Ngā momo waka: Moana, migration and Māori / Ngarino Ellis
Tā Hekenukumaingāiwi Busby, KNZM MBE (1932–2019) / Ngarino Ellis
2 Ngā toi whakairo: The arts of carving / Ngarino Ellis
The Taiapa brothers: Carving in the twentieth century / Ngarino Ellis
Morelli and the nineteenth-century papahou artist / Ngarino Ellis
Māori art and archaeology / Deidre Brown
3 Ngā kākahu: Textiles / Ngarino Ellis
Tahuaroa, pākūwhā and hākari: The display and gifting of taonga / Ngarino Ellis
Tihei mauri ora: The remaking of cloaks from museum collections / Ngarino Ellis
4 Ngā whare: Architecture / Deidre Brown and Ngarino Ellis
Pakaariki Harrison, QSO (1928–2008) / Ngarino Ellis
5 Ngā toi whenua: Rock art / Deidre Brown
6 Ngā taonga o Wharawhara: Body adornment / Ngarino Ellis
Areta Wilkinson / Deidre Brown
Pounamu / Ngarino Ellis
7 Mana wāhine, mana tāne, mana takatāpui: Depicting gender in Māori art / Ngarino Ellis
Men and weaving / Ngarino Ellis
 
Part 2—Te Kete Tuauri
8
Taonga, Māori and museums / Ngarino Ellis
Tāngata mamae: The tragic story of Te Maro, Ranginui and Te Kuku / Ngarino Ellis
Joseph Banks and the forty brass patu replicas / Ngarino Ellis
Tupaia / Ngarino Ellis
9 Māori art and the Christian missions / Deidre Brown
Hongi Hika’s self-portraits / Deidre Brown
Hone Heke’s ‘collar’ / Deidre Brown
He tikanga hōu? Figurative art in Rangitukia in 1838 / Ngarino Ellis
10 The art of utu / Deidre Brown
The Mātaatua wharenui / Jonathan Mane-Wheoki
11 Transforming cultures and traditions: New materials, ideas and technologies / Ngarino Ellis
Moko signatures and tino rangatiratanga / Ngarino Ellis
Early Māori drawings / Deidre Brown
The second age of iron / Deidre Brown
12 Ngā toi mōrehu: The arts of survival / Deidre Brown
Māori flags and banners / Deidre Brown
13 Ka whawhai tonu mātou: Taonga and museums since 1900 / Ngarino Ellis
Trick or taonga: The mysterious case of the green-painted patu pora / Deidre Brown
Fakes in the collection / Ngarino Ellis
Collecting the ancestors / Ngarino Ellis
Enrico Giglioli and the taonga collection in the Pigorini National Museum of Prehistory and Ethnography, Rome / Ngarino Ellis
 
Part 3—Te Kete Aronui
14
The art of social reform: Te Puea, Ngata and Rātana / Deidre Brown
Te Araiteuru pā at the 1906 New Zealand International Exhibition / Deidre Brown
15 The emergence of contemporary Māori art 1950–1975 / Jonathan Mane-Wheoki
Oriwa Haddon (1898–1958) / Deidre Brown and Jonathan Mane-Wheoki
Ramai Hayward (1916–2014) / Deidre Brown and Jonathan Mane-Wheoki
Pauline Kahurangi Yearbury (1926–1977) / Deidre Brown
16 Urban Māori art and architecture / Deidre Brown
Street art / Deidre Brown
17 A new tradition or old disruption? / Contemporary Māori exhibitions 1990–2021 / Deidre Brown
Māori architects and architectural designers / Deidre Brown
Māori designers / Deidre Brown
Māori Moving Image exhibition / Ngarino Ellis
Wairau Māori Art Gallery: The first public Māori art gallery / Deidre Brown
18 Māori art in Western Europe and Australia / Deidre Brown
Ngāti Rānana and Hinemihi / Deidre Brown and Ngarino Ellis
Māori art as a cultural property / Deidre Brown
19 Haumi ē! Hui ē! Tāiki ē! Māori and Indigenous art on the global stage / Ngarino Ellis
Ngā taonga uku: Māori ceramicists and clay workers / Deidre Brown
Contemporary Māori clothing / Deidre Brown
Advice to Māori artists / Jonathan Mane-Wheoki
 
Whakamutunga—Conclusion
Ngā pitopito kōrero—Notes
Kuputaka—Glossary
Rārangi pukapuka—Select bibliography
Kuputohu—Index

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