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The Elementary Forms of Corruption

Moral Imagination and Political Change in Brazil

Seeks to better understand the nature of corruption through a case study of a rural Brazilian community’s response to the country’s political fraud.

The Elementary Forms of Corruption is an ethnographic history of rural Brazilians’ shifting moral imagination in the context of their country’s recent corruption scandals and political crises. The book explores how Brazil’s cosmopolitan models of corruption, both left-wing and right-wing varieties, found their way to a small sertanejo (hinterland) municipality in the northeast, where people understood corruption very differently. Reckoning with both the leftist Workers’ Party, which sought to liberate sertanejos from patron-client relations, and the New Right populists who sought to stamp out the “communists” threatening the patriarchal family, the people of the sertanejo made recourse to older ideas about corruption—such as the betrayal of kinship obligations and communal trust—to decipher and shape national politics.

Challenging the discipline’s current aversion to generalizable, analytic categories that are useful for comparison across cultures or historical periods, The Elementary Forms of Corruption posits a general framework for understanding corruption at its most elementary level: the degradation of a moral gradient through the transgressive rechanneling of those currencies (e.g., gifts, favors) that sustain communal bonds when properly directed.

230 pages | 11 halftones, 1 map, 1 table | 6 x 9 | © 2025

Anthropology: Cultural and Social Anthropology

Latin American Studies

Sociology: Social Change, Social Movements, Political Sociology


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Reviews

"In this brilliant (and funny) ethnographic ode to Durkheim, anthropologist Aaron Ansell takes us to Brazil’s sertão, where he unpacks forms of patronage and understandings of corruption alive in the political system between 2003 and 2022, shedding light on the secrets of social life that our discipline holds dear. Fantastic insights are revealed about Brazil’s cycle of patronage politics, and, too, their more widespread implications."

Donna M. Goldstein, author of Laughter Out of Place: Race, Class, Violence, and Sexuality in a Rio Shantytown

"Elementary Forms of Corruption presents a compelling and in-depth analysis of politics and corruption in the Brazilian sertão. It takes us straight to what anthropology does best: it weaves vivid ethnographic insights with an incisive analysis of larger political transformations, and makes a provocative contribution to social theory. It will be a key resource for anyone interested in politics and corruption in Brazil and beyond."

Martijn Koster, author of In Fear of Abandonment: Slum Life, Community Leaders and Politics in Recife, Brazil

"Ansell’s book provides a highly readable and intimate account of the intertwining of politics and sociality in Brazil’s rural Northeast. The transformation of the rural poor from clients to citizens is traced in ethnographic detail and with admirable analytical insight, along the way illuminating intersecting phenomena such as friendship, patronage, corruption, and the changing contours of everyday ethics."

Daniel Jordan Smith, author of A Culture of Corruption: Everyday Deception and Popular Discontent in Nigeria

Table of Contents

Introduction
Chapter 1. The Politics of Fathers
Chapter 2. The Politics of Friends
Chapter 3. The Politics of Citizens
Chapter 4. The Politics of Good Citizens
Conclusion

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