A comprehensive monograph of the meteorology of the Southern Hemisphere was originally published by the American Meteorological Society in 1972. That monograph was, of necessity, preliminary in nature because the available time series of observational data was short. In the quarter century that has passed since the first monograph, much has happened to warrant an updated edition: new observational techniques based on satellites, anchored and drifting buoys, and more ground-based stations have expanded the observational network to cover the whole hemisphere. The time is right, therefore, for a fresh look at the circulation features of the Southern Hemisphere, both for the atmosphere and oceans.