Distributed for National University of Singapore Press
The Philippines and Japan in America’s Shadow
Japan and the Philippines both spent part of the twentieth century under American rule, and the experience left an indelible imprint on both societies. Conventional wisdom suggests that American rule in the Philippines, while clearly a form of colonialism, was mitigated by American reluctance to be a colonial power and by early steps to transfer government functions to Filipinos. Similarly, the American occupation of Japan is understood to represent a necessary transitional phase between autocracy and democracy. The authors in this volume examine the issue from a wide range of perspectives (political science, history, anthropology, sociology and literature), and they suggest a different interpretation. American colonialism shows distinct characteristics of latecomer-colonialism, starting with the strong role of the state and the primacy of geopolitics. In contrast with other imperial powers, such as Britain, France and Japan, the Americans relied more on informal empire than on direct control of territory, an approach that suited an era when colonialism as such was increasingly difficult to defend. America’s relations with the Philippines and with Japan after 1945, often seen as laying the foundations of a post-colonial system, were in fact the prototype of a world order based in part on latecomer-colonialism.
352 pages | 6 x 9 | © 2011
Asian Studies: East Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia
History: American History
Political Science: Diplomacy, Foreign Policy, and International Relations
Table of Contents
Abbreviations
Preface
Introduction
The Tale of Two Empires: Japan and the US as Latecomers in Colonialism
Kiichi Fujiwara
Part I Empires and Nation-Building
1 The Philippines and US Imperial Identity
Julian Go
2 Wars with the US and Japan, and the Politics of History in the Philippines
Reynaldo C. Ileto
3 American Impact on Elite Continuity in Post-War Japan and the Philippines
Temario C. Rivera
Part II Images of Nations and Nationalism
4 The Japanese Analogy as Liminal Crisis-Effect in Initial Filipino-American Encounters, 1898-1899
Oscar V. Campomanes
5 Japan and America in the Filipino Nationalist Imagination: From Rizal to Ricarte
Floro C. Quibuyen
6 On the Same Terrain of Colonial Modernity: The Mystification of Jose Rizal and the Symbolization of Japanese Emperor
Yoshiko Nagano
7 Memory and Mourning: Six Decades after the Two Wars
Satoshi Nakano
Part III Triangle Encounters — The Philippines, Japan and the USA
8 Baguio’s Early 20th-Century Japanese Community: Culture, Society, and Work in an American “Hill Station” in the Philippines
Patricia O. Afable
9 Competing Shadows: Japan and the USA in the Filipino American Imagination
Augusto Espiritu
10 Singing of Modernity and US Shadow: Bodily Aesthetics and Ideology in Salidummay and Shoka
Michiyo Yoneno-Reyes
11 Love Triangles: Filipinos, Japanese, and the Shifting Locations of American Power
Nobue Suzuki
12 Refiguring Identities in an Ifugao Village: Sketches of Joint Projects from a Filipino Filmmaker, a Native Intellectual, and a Japanese Anthropologist under American Shadow(s)
Hiromu Shimizu
Bibliography
Contributors
Index
Preface
Introduction
The Tale of Two Empires: Japan and the US as Latecomers in Colonialism
Kiichi Fujiwara
Part I Empires and Nation-Building
1 The Philippines and US Imperial Identity
Julian Go
2 Wars with the US and Japan, and the Politics of History in the Philippines
Reynaldo C. Ileto
3 American Impact on Elite Continuity in Post-War Japan and the Philippines
Temario C. Rivera
Part II Images of Nations and Nationalism
4 The Japanese Analogy as Liminal Crisis-Effect in Initial Filipino-American Encounters, 1898-1899
Oscar V. Campomanes
5 Japan and America in the Filipino Nationalist Imagination: From Rizal to Ricarte
Floro C. Quibuyen
6 On the Same Terrain of Colonial Modernity: The Mystification of Jose Rizal and the Symbolization of Japanese Emperor
Yoshiko Nagano
7 Memory and Mourning: Six Decades after the Two Wars
Satoshi Nakano
Part III Triangle Encounters — The Philippines, Japan and the USA
8 Baguio’s Early 20th-Century Japanese Community: Culture, Society, and Work in an American “Hill Station” in the Philippines
Patricia O. Afable
9 Competing Shadows: Japan and the USA in the Filipino American Imagination
Augusto Espiritu
10 Singing of Modernity and US Shadow: Bodily Aesthetics and Ideology in Salidummay and Shoka
Michiyo Yoneno-Reyes
11 Love Triangles: Filipinos, Japanese, and the Shifting Locations of American Power
Nobue Suzuki
12 Refiguring Identities in an Ifugao Village: Sketches of Joint Projects from a Filipino Filmmaker, a Native Intellectual, and a Japanese Anthropologist under American Shadow(s)
Hiromu Shimizu
Bibliography
Contributors
Index